On February 25, 1953, the Baton Rouge, Louisiana, city-parish council passed Ordinance 222 after the city saw protesting from African Americans when the council raised the city's bus fares. Previous transport and Bus boycotts in the United States Virginia, the earlier Baton Rouge bus boycott, and the arrest of Claudette Colvin for refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus. The boycott also took place within a larger statewide and national movement for civil rights, including court cases such as Morgan v. Īlthough it is often framed as the start of the civil rights movement, the boycott occurred at the end of many black communities' struggles in the South to protect black women, such as Recy Taylor, from racial violence.
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Many white bus drivers joined the White Citizens' Council as a result of the decision. The reaction by the white population of the Deep South was "noisy and stubborn". Board of Education, that racial segregation in schools was unconstitutional. The year before the bus boycott began, the Supreme Court decided unanimously, in the case of Brown v. Many bus drivers treated their black passengers poorly beyond the law: African-Americans were assaulted, shortchanged, and left stranded after paying their fares. As a result of this segregation, African Americans were not hired as drivers, were forced to ride in the back of the bus, and were frequently ordered to surrender their seats to white people even though black passengers made up 75% of the bus system's riders. See also: History of civil rights in the United States, Civil rights movement (1865–1896), and Civil rights movement (1896–1954)īefore the bus boycott, Jim Crow laws mandated the racial segregation of the Montgomery Bus Line. Gayle took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955-the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, was arrested for her refusal to surrender her seat to a white person-to December 20, 1956, when the federal ruling Browder v. It was a foundational event in the civil rights movement in the United States. The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. Tuskegee High School desegregation crisis.University of Alabama desegregation crisis.
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